articles
Insolvency
Withdrawal of corporate insolvency proceeding even prior to formation of committee of creditors
03 August 2023
The article discusses a recent decision of the Supreme Court establishing that a plea for the withdrawal of the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process can be allowed by the adjudicating authority even prior to the establishment of the committee of creditors. The author observes that the Supreme Court has not only addressed the existing gap in Section 12A of the IBC but it has also recognized the obligatory status of Regulation 30A.
International Trade & WTO
Circumvention of Trade Remedy measures – A critical analysis of Indian provision
02 August 2023
Trade remedy measures are applicable only to specific products originating in certain countries. Sometimes exporters make changes in the business model to overcome the measures by circumventing the duties and thereby rendering the measures largely ineffective.
Goods and Services Tax
Leasing of capital goods between two GSTINs
28 July 2023
The article seeks to analyse the GST implications on leasing of capital goods between ‘distinct persons’, in the light of a recent ruling of the Maharashtra Appellate Authority of Advance Ruling. After providing the crisp summary of the Ruling, the article examines the implication of the Ruling in respect of issues regarding valuation, mere movement of goods not amounting to supply, and documentation.
Intellectual Property
Patent of method of treating a plant – Interpretation of Section 3(h)
24 July 2023
The article discusses a recent decision of the Hon’ble Calcutta High Court which has set aside an order passed by the Controller of Patents and Designs refusing the grant of patent for treatment of a plant disease, for being a method of agriculture under Section 3(h) of the Patents Act, 1970. The High Court in this regard noted that Sections 3(h) which bars the patenting of a method of agriculture or horticulture, does not contemplate treatment of plants
Direct Tax
Change of opinion: Whether permissible under the new provisions of reassessment?
19 July 2023
The Finance Act, 2021 substituted the provisions of reassessment under the Income-tax Act, 1961. Under the new reassessment provisions, the concept of ‘reason to believe’ has been substituted with ‘information’ which suggests that the income has escaped assessment. The article discusses the question as to whether such ‘information’ is required to be tested against the concept of ‘change of opinion’, as was required under the old reassessment provisions.
International Trade & WTO
India loses the fight for electronic goods against EU at the WTO
29 June 2023
The WTO panel recently ruled against India’s import duty measures in relation to certain Information and Communication Technology (‘ICT’) goods, holding the measures as inconsistent with Articles II:1(a) and (b) of the GATT 1994. The article analyses the critical arguments raised by India to defend its position and the panel’s ruling thereon.
Commercial litigation
Revival of insolvency proceedings: Analysis and way forward
27 June 2023
Revival of the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (‘CIRP’) proceedings refers to the restoration of the already withdrawn CIRP by a creditor which generally happens upon the breach of the settlement agreement (‘Settlement Agreement’) pursuant to which the application for CIRP also gets withdrawn. In such circumstances, rather than filing for a fresh application for initiation of CIRP, the creditor may seek reviving of the earlier application.
Goods and Services Tax
Export of services: Settled, yet unsettled
26 June 2023
The article discusses a recent decision of the Larger Bench of the CESTAT which settles, in favour of assessee, the issue as to whether Business Auxiliary Services (BAS) provided by Indian agents to foreign entities qualify as export of services under the service tax regime. The article in this regard also analyses whether this decision of the Larger Bench will have any impact in the GST regime.
Direct Tax
Impact analysis of the Supreme Court decision in Saraf Exports v. CIT: Worth the wager?
20 June 2023
The article discusses a recent decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Saraf Exports v. CIT, wherein the Apex Court has held that export incentives like Duty Drawback and DEPB will not qualify as first-degree nexus for the purposes of claim of deduction under Section 80-IB of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The decision has also reiterated the principle laid down earlier that restrictive meaning must be given to the expression ‘derived from’.
Intellectual Property
Toblerone saga – Sweet enough; but not Swiss enough
14 June 2023
The article discusses the application of the Swissness Act, 2017 which regulates the use of Swiss symbols or labels, associating the products and services with Switzerland. Talking about the criteria for Swissness and the effect of the Act on the famous chocolate brand, the article notes that evocation is a huge factor when understanding consumer psychology. According to the author, while the Act does not refer to trademarks per se, it does find its basis in the concept of evocation.
International Trade & WTO
Becoming trade remedies-ready – A practical guide for producers and exporters
30 May 2023
When producers or exporters export goods to other countries, they most likely would have come across a trade barrier of some form or the other. While tariff walls have as such declined and non-tariff barriers have increased, importing countries continue to use trade remedial measures as a defense against imports. In fact, India and the United States are the leading users of trade remedial measures while imports from China are the major target of these trade remedial measures
Direct Tax
Deemed application provision causes uncertainties for donation aggregators
26 May 2023
Charitable entities set up for different charitable causes such as education, yoga, relief of poor, medical relief, advancement of any general public utility etc., receive a tax-exempt status under Section 10(23C) and Section 11 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (‘Act’). As per Section 11 of the Act, the trusts or charitable institutions are subject to following conditions to obtain tax exemption:
Arbitration
Arbitration agreement, which is part of an unstamped contract, has no existence
25 May 2023
The Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court has held that arbitration cannot be invoked when the arbitration agreement or clause is contained in an unstamped or insufficiently stamped agreement or contract. According to the authors, even though this issue arises at the preliminary stage of the arbitration, the Apex Court had ordered to ensure sufficient stamping of the instruments.
Intellectual Property
De-blurring Section 59 of the Indian Patents Act 1970
23 May 2023
The article examines a recent decision of the Delhi High Court, where the High Court has redefined the boundaries of permissible claim amendments for overcoming the objections on non-patentability especially Section 3(i) of the Patents Act, 1970, without jeopardizing the requirements of Section 59. The primary focus of this article is on the interpretation of Section 3(i) and Section 59 of the Act as provided by the High Court
Goods and Services Tax
Eligibility of Input Tax Credit vis-à-vis inherent loss of inputs during manufacture
22 May 2023
The Madras High Court recently in the case of Eastman Exports Global Clothing, settled an interesting question of law pertaining to the reversal of Input Tax Credit on the loss of inputs which is inherent to the process of manufacturing. Although the judgment pertains to the treatment of manufacturing loss under Section 19(9)(iii) of the Tamil Nadu VAT Act, the principle enunciated by the Court is very helpful in determining the entitlement of ITC vis-à-vis Section 17(5)(h) of the CGST Act.
International Trade & WTO
Anti-dumping duty – CESTAT establishes important jurisprudence on commercial quantities
02 May 2023
The article analyses a recent CESTAT decision relating to the threshold for considering a product within the scope of the product under consideration (‘PUC’) in anti-dumping investigations. The Hon’ble CESTAT has held that mere production of a product is not enough for it to be included in the scope of the PUC; the domestic industry must show that it has catered to a certain amount of demand for that product for it to be included. The article in this regard notes that ...
Goods and Services Tax
Withholding Income Tax: Withholding the ambiguity in GST Valuation?
28 April 2023
The article highlights the intricacies of TDS withholding, under the income tax provisions, which appear to impact the taxable value under GST in case of import of services. The moot question is whether the taxable value for discharging GST should be confined only to the contractual payment qua the foreign service provider or the amount of TDS, paid by the Indian service recipient as additional statutory obligation, should also be added. Analysing various Court and Tribunal decisions, the...
Insolvency
Interest as part of Operational Debt: A conundrum
25 April 2023
While the inclusion of interest amounts in ‘financial debt’, for the purposes of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, is clearly provided for, the interest component in the case of ‘operational debt’ has always been a point of contention. Pointing out that there appears to be a deliberate difference in the language used for both terms – ‘financial debt’ and ‘operational debt’, the article also discusses many specific judgments of NCLT and NCLAT, delivered on the aforesaid quandary.
Direct Tax
Navigating the exemption labyrinth – Pitfalls in the way of charitable institutes
19 April 2023
Considering the changing landscape of the exemption regime, right from Finance Act, 2014 till the recent Finance Act, 2023, the article notes that the provisions relating to the exemption regimes under Sections 10(23C) and 11 of the Income Tax Act have undergone wide-ranging changes having an impact on nearly every aspect associated with the operation of charitable institutes, resulting in a situation where a mere procedural lapse can have far reaching consequences.